Examples of tumor dependencies
| Alteration | Tumor type | Therapeutic agent | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Oncogenes | |||
| Receptor tyrosine kinase | |||
| EGFR | Mutation/amplification (none) | NSCLC, GBM, colorectal | Gefitinib, erlotinib, cetuximab |
| KIT | Mutation | GIST, acral/mucosal melanoma | Imatinib, sunitinib |
| MET | Amplification | Gastric cancer | Crizotinib |
| ALK | Rearrangement | ALCL, NSCLC | Crizotinib |
| HER2 (ERBB2) | Amplification | Breast | Trastuzumab, lapatinib, others in development |
| Nonreceptor tyrosine kinases | |||
| ABL | Translocation | CML | Imatinib, nilotinib, dasatinib |
| JAK2 | Mutation | MPD | Ruxolitinib |
| Serine/threonine/lipid kinases | |||
| BRAF | Mutation | Melanoma | Vemurafenib |
| PIK3CA | Mutation | Multiple | Many in development |
| Hormonal targets | |||
| Estrogen receptor | Expression | Breast cancer | |
| Androgen receptor | Expression | Prostate cancer | |
| Metabolic | |||
| Asparagine | Required for cell survival | ALL | L-asparaginase |
| Lineage | |||
| MITF | Amplification | Melanoma | None |
| NKX2-1 (TTF1) | Amplification | Adenocarcinoma | None |
| SOX2 | Amplification | Squamous cell cancer | None |
Abbreviations: ALCL, anaplastic large cell lymphoma; ALL, acute lymphocytic leukemia; CML, chronic myeloid leukemia; GBM, glioblastoma multiforme; GIST, gastrointestinal stromal tumor; MPD, myeloproliferative disorders; NSCLC, non–small cell lung cancer.