Examples of tumor dependencies
Alteration | Tumor type | Therapeutic agent | |
---|---|---|---|
Oncogenes | |||
Receptor tyrosine kinase | |||
EGFR | Mutation/amplification (none) | NSCLC, GBM, colorectal | Gefitinib, erlotinib, cetuximab |
KIT | Mutation | GIST, acral/mucosal melanoma | Imatinib, sunitinib |
MET | Amplification | Gastric cancer | Crizotinib |
ALK | Rearrangement | ALCL, NSCLC | Crizotinib |
HER2 (ERBB2) | Amplification | Breast | Trastuzumab, lapatinib, others in development |
Nonreceptor tyrosine kinases | |||
ABL | Translocation | CML | Imatinib, nilotinib, dasatinib |
JAK2 | Mutation | MPD | Ruxolitinib |
Serine/threonine/lipid kinases | |||
BRAF | Mutation | Melanoma | Vemurafenib |
PIK3CA | Mutation | Multiple | Many in development |
Hormonal targets | |||
Estrogen receptor | Expression | Breast cancer | |
Androgen receptor | Expression | Prostate cancer | |
Metabolic | |||
Asparagine | Required for cell survival | ALL | L-asparaginase |
Lineage | |||
MITF | Amplification | Melanoma | None |
NKX2-1 (TTF1) | Amplification | Adenocarcinoma | None |
SOX2 | Amplification | Squamous cell cancer | None |
Abbreviations: ALCL, anaplastic large cell lymphoma; ALL, acute lymphocytic leukemia; CML, chronic myeloid leukemia; GBM, glioblastoma multiforme; GIST, gastrointestinal stromal tumor; MPD, myeloproliferative disorders; NSCLC, non–small cell lung cancer.