Activating genetic alterations in FGFR and related cancer types
| Gene | Alteration | Cancer type (incidence, if known; reference) |
|---|---|---|
| FGFR1 | Amplification | Squamous NSCLC (20%; ref. 9) |
| Breast cancer (10%; ref. 10) | ||
| Ovarian cancer (∼5%; ref. 11) | ||
| Bladder cancer (3%; ref. 12) | ||
| Others: oral squamous cell carcinoma, esophageal squamous carcinoma, prostate cancer (13–15) | ||
| Mutation | Melanoma (rare), glioblastoma (16, 17) | |
| Translocation | 8p11 myeloproliferative syndrome, chronic myeloid leukemia (rare; refs. 18, 19) | |
| FGFR2 | Amplification | Gastric cancer (10%; ref. 20) |
| Breast cancer (4% of triple-negative cases; ref. 21) | ||
| Mutation | Endometrial cancer (12%; ref. 22) | |
| Squamous NSLC (5%; ref. 8) | ||
| Gastric cancer (rare; ref. 23) | ||
| Germline SNP | Second intron SNP: breast cancer susceptibility (24) | |
| FGFR3 | Amplification | Bladder cancer (25) |
| Salivary adenoid cystic cancer (26) | ||
| Mutation | Bladder cancer (50–60% non-muscle invasive; 10–15% muscle invasive; ref. 27) | |
| Cervical cancer (5%; ref. 28) | ||
| Myeloma (5% of the translocated cases; ref. 29) | ||
| Prostate cancer (3%; ref. 30) | ||
| Spermatocytic seminoma (7%; ref. 31) | ||
| Colorectal cancer (23) | ||
| Oral squamous cancer (32) | ||
| Translocation | Myeloma (15%-20%; ref. 33) | |
| Peripheral T-cell lymphoma (rare; ref. 34) | ||
| FGFR4 | Mutation | Rhabdomyosarcoma (7%-8%; ref. 35) |
| Germline SNP | Coding SNP: poor prognosis in many cancer types (36) |